Hair Loss Research Articles

The Epidemiology of Hospital-Treated Alopecia Areata in Denmark, 1995-2016.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune skin disease presenting as nonscarring hair loss. Information on the epidemiology of AA, especially the occurrence of AA and its subtypes within the general population, is scarce. The study aimed to estimate the incidence rates and prevalence of hospital-treated AA and its subtypes in Denmark and to examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with AA, including comorbidities and use of prescription medications. This was a cohort study based on data from administrative and health registers in Denmark in 1995-2016. The study included individuals who were (1) registered with a hospital inpatient or hospital-based outpatient clinic diagnosis of AA between 1995 and 2016 in the Danish National Patient Registry covering encounters at all Danish hospitals, (2) alive and resided in Denmark anytime between 1995 and 2016, (3) aged ≥ 12years, and (4) resided uninterrupted in Denmark during the 12months before the first AA diagnosis during the study period. During the study period, 2778 individuals with an incident hospital-based diagnosis of AA were identified; 63.1% were female and 28.7% of the patients were aged ≥ 50years. Over the study period, the overall incidence rate for any hospital-treated AA per 100,000 person-years was 2.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.53-2.72), and the overall prevalence in 2016 was 71.7 (95%CI 69.4-74.1) per 100,000 persons. Both incidence rate and prevalence increased over time. Prevalence of most hospital-treated comorbidities or history of medication use was below 10% and was similar in the alopecia totalis (AT)/alopecia universalis (AU) and non-AT/AU subtypes of AA. This cohort study reported incidence rates and prevalence over time and characteristics of individuals with hospital-treated AA in Denmark, which are in agreement with those previously reported in this population.

Fillers impacting follicles: the emerging complication of filler-induced alopecia.

Filler-induced alopecia is a transient alopecia characterized by localized hair loss and often attributed to vascular compromise following dermal filler injections in facial regions. Although an uncommon phenomenon, the rising incidence of filler-induced alopecia underscores the importance of understanding and managing this condition. We performed an extensive PubMed review of articles reporting filler-induced alopecia and summarizing the implicated filler types, injection areas, hair loss patterns, symptom onset, course progression, treatments, and prognosis. Hyaluronic acid injections were the most implicated in filler-induced alopecia cases, with calcium hydroxylapatite and autologous fat less frequently associated. No cases involved other dermal filler types. Although recovery times varied depending on the treatment, hyaluronidase (HAase) injections rapidly restored near-normal hair density within 3-4 months. Minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma play a more minor role in restoring hair growth but may be used as adjuncts with HAase to facilitate hair growth. Finally, alternative interventions like intralesional triamcinolone, warm compresses, and nitroglycerin warrant exploration, given limited robust clinical data. Our study promotes awareness of filler-induced alopecia's rising incidence and offers practical insights and evidence-based recommendations for effective management. By equipping dermatologists with this knowledge, our aim is to improve patient outcomes and reduce adverse events in filler-based procedures.

Leukonychia Totalis: An Underreported Sign of Chronic Arsenicosis

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Arsenic poisoning results from exposure to arsenic through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Cutaneous and neurological symptoms enable early diagnosis. Diagnostic tests include hair, nail, and urine arsenic levels. Leukonychia can be true, apparent, or pseudoleukonychia, depending on the underlying cause. <b><i>Case Report:</i></b> A 27-year-old male on herbal supplement for bodybuilding, presented with whitish discolouration of nails for 2 years and tingling sensation in extremities for 6 months. Electrophysiological tests indicated symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Arsenic levels were significantly elevated in hair, nails, and herbal supplements. A diagnosis of chronic arsenicosis with leukonychia totalis and early peripheral neuropathy was made. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Chronic arsenicosis may feature skin changes including pigmentary alterations, palmoplantar keratosis, and the characteristic “raindrops on a dusty road” appearance. Hair loss and nail alterations, such as Mees’ lines, are also noted. Arsenic-related neuropathy can be mild or subclinical initially and primarily affects sensory nerve fibres. Total leukonychia due to chronic arsenic exposure has not been reported previously.

Comparison between dutasteride and finasteride in hair regrowth and reversal of miniaturization in male and female androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review

Nowadays androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has become a common concern of affected subjects of both sexes. Finasteride is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of male AGA. There is no clear evidence to support the use of dutasteride in male AGA. In female AGA, the effectiveness of dutasteride and finasteride is still under debate, and there is no clear evidence to use any of them in female AGA. A systematic review was conducted to compare between dutasteride and finasteride in treating both male and female AGA, and their efficacy, safety, side effects with effective dosage. The review was done using several databases including: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using the following search terms/keywords: "Dutasteride" AND "Finasteride" AND "Male pattern hair loss" AND "Female pattern hair loss" AND "Efficacy", "Tolerability" AND "Side effects" AND "Comparison". To search for articles related to efficacy, tolerability, side effects, used doses of dutasteride and finasteride in the treatment of male and female AGA. The review encompassed a total of nine studies. Four randomized controlled trials, one single-arm trial, two prospective cohorts, and two retrospective cohort studies. Seven studies exclusively enrolled male participants, while only two included female participants. All groups receiving various doses of dutasteride and finasteride exhibited a significant increase in hair count compared to the placebo group. Notably, dutasteride (0.5 mg) and dutasteride (2.5 mg) were significantly more effective than finasteride (1 mg) in increasing hair counts. Furthermore, no significant difference in adverse events was observed between finasteride and dutasteride. Dutasteride is more potent than finasteride in treating AGA in both males and females. All the adverse events between finasteride and dutasteride were comparable.

Unlocking Fertility - with administration of Lekhaniya Mahakashaya in Pushpaghani Jataharini w.s.r. to PCOD

Children are a gift from the Lord; the fruit of the womb is a divine reward. Average Reproductive Age is 14-49 yrs. This age group have number of conditions related to menstrual cycle, such as Menorrhagia, Dysmenorrhea, Irregular menses, PCOD, endometriosis, etc. According to WHO - PCOD is a lifestyle disorder which is a common hormonal condition that affects women of reproductive age. It usually starts during adolescence, but symptoms may fluctuate over time. PCOD can cause hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, excess androgen levels and cysts in the ovaries, absence of menstruation, excessive hair growth (face, body, including back, belly and chest), acne, weight gain, hair loss, skin darkening (in neck and groin). Irregular periods, usually with a lack of ovulation, can lead infertility. PCOD is a leading cause of infertility. PCOD can lead to anovulation where ovaries stop releasing eggs. PCOD is a common condition that causes 70% of anovulation cases. PCOD causes the excessive production of androgens, which cause the follicles in your ovaries to remain small instead of maturing and growing as they have to prepare for ovulation. In Ayurveda on the basis of symptoms Pushpaghani Jataharini can be correlated with PCOD. PCOD is a chronic condition and cannot be cured. However, some symptoms can be improved through lifestyle changes and medications. In order to treat PCOD the changes in the life style and the administrations of Ausadhies like Lekhaniya Mahakashaya (Musta, Kustha, Haridra, Daruharidra, Vacha, Ativisha, Katurohini, Chitrak, Chirbilva).

How I Treat Alopecia in Patients with Cancer

For general dermatologists, the examination, diagnosis, and treatment of hair loss in patients with a history of cancer can be challenging. Previous and current chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and anti-cancer therapies need to be considered when developing a management strategy. Here we review strategies for reviewing patient medical histories, the incorporation trichoscopic examinations to aid with diagnosis, and special treatment considerations that do not increase risk of cancer reoccurrence. As novel anti-cancer therapeutics continue to be approved, it is imperative that dermatologists serve in support networks of patients experiencing dermatologic side effects. This article aims to aid dermatologists in the safe and effective treatment of hair-related side effects that negatively impact the survivorship of patients with cancer. 

The Current Status of Seborrheic Alopecia in Young People and Its Correlation with Fungal Infections

The current status of seborrheic alopecia (SA) in young people and its potential association with fungal infections was discussed. Pathological representations, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of seborrheic alopecia were introduced. SA is the most common type of hair loss in adults, but it also occurs in adolescents, though its prevalence among this younger population is not well established. Skin biocenosis, in particular the Malassezia spp. flora, plays a key aetiologic role, in combination with the unusual capacity of some corneocytes to be coated by these yeasts.

Wigs and Alopecia Areata: Psychosocial Impact and Economic Considerations

Alopecia areata (AA) presents a challenging and unpredictable condition associated with substantial psychosocial and financial burdens. A chronic, relapsing form of non-scarring hair loss, it affects approximately 0.1–0.2% of the population worldwide with a lifetime risk of 1.0% to 2.1%. The psychosocial implications of AA, including its association with depression, anxiety, social phobia, employment disruption, and relationship challenges are well described . Significant economic costs of AA include those of healthcare, lost income, transportation, psychotherapy, and cosmetic accessories (wigs and hairpieces). However, wigs and hairpieces can contribute to enhanced self-esteem, confidence, and overall quality of life (QOL) in AA patients; these positive outcomes correlating with satisfaction in appearance. This article explores the role of wigs in addressing the aesthetic and emotional impact of AA, emphasizing their importance as potential coping mechanisms for individuals facing hair loss whilst also acknowledging possible barriers to their use. Different types of wigs and hairpieces, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and methods of attachment are thoroughly discussed, providing a comprehensive overview for both patients and healthcare professionals. Considering the economic impact of AA, this article explores the cost of wigs in Australia and available financial assistance programs. Wigs can play a pivotal role in rapidly addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by AA, offering time for psychosocial adaptation and delayed response to medical therapies. This review aims to provide valuable insights to inform evidence-based, practical, and personalized counselling of patients with AA and enable shared decision making about the utility of wigs and other cosmetic interventions for hair loss. Further research is warranted to explore differences in the optimal utilization of wigs between diverse sub-populations with AA.

Rosemary and neem: an insight into their combined anti-dandruff and anti-hair loss efficacy

Dandruff, a common scalp disorder characterized by flaking dead skin, is often treated with conventional topical products. However, limitations exist due to potential side effects and high costs. Therefore, searching for natural, cost-effective solutions for dandruff and hair loss is crucial. Rosemary herb and neem tree, both cultivated in Egypt, possess well-documented anti-inflammatory properties derived from their rich phenolic phytoconstituents. This study formulated a standardized combined extract of rosemary and neem (RN-E 2:1) into hair gel and leave-in tonic formats. This extract demonstrated superior efficacy against Malassezia furfur (a causative agent of dandruff) and Trichophyton rubrum (associated with scalp disorders) compared to the conventional antifungal agent, ketoconazole. The combined extract (RN-E 2:1) also exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the suppression of iNOS expression is considered concentration-dependent. Quality control verified formulation stability, and ex-vivo studies confirmed effective ingredient penetration into the epidermis, the primary site of fungal presence. Remarkably, both formulations outperformed the standard treatment, minoxidil in hair growth trials. These findings highlight the potential of natural extracts for scalp and hair health.

Recent Advances in Microneedling-Assisted Cosmetic Applications

Microneedling, also known as percutaneous collagen induction, using microneedling devices and fabricated microneedle patches, has been widely employed in cosmetic applications for acne scar treatment, skin care, hair loss, melasma, skin rejuvenation, and skin cancer. The micro-channels formed by microneedling through the stratum corneum facilitate the delivery of cosmetic agents and stimulate collagen and elastin production by inducing the wound-healing cascade, keeping the skin shiny and wrinkle-free. Several cosmetic agents, such as ascorbic acid, hyaluronic acid, retinoids, niacinamide, and peptides, have been delivered by microneedling. This review aims to highlight the use of microneedling devices and fabricated microneedle patches in facilitating the delivery of cosmetic agents through the skin layers. Moreover, the differences between the microneedling devices, commonly used alone or in combinational treatments with topical formulations, are explored. Furthermore, the safety of microneedling in terms of skin irritation, pain sensation, skin or systemic infection, and chemical and biological materials used in the fabrication of microneedles is discussed.

Roles of gut microbiota in androgenetic alopecia: insights from Mendelian randomization analysis

BackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of androgen-associated hair loss. Previous studies have indicated an association between the gut microbiota and AGA. To delve deeper, we executed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal relationship between the gut microbiota and AGA.MethodsA two-sample MR investigation was utilized to delve into the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and AGA. Information regarding 211 gut microbial taxa was sourced from the MiBioGen consortium. The summary statistics of the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AGA were obtained from the FinnGen biobank, which included 195 cases and 201,019 controls. Various analytical approaches, including Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW), Weighted Median, MR-Egger, Weighted Mode, and Simple Mode were employed to evaluate the causal impact of gut microbiota on AGA. Sensitivity analyses were subsequently conducted to affirm the robustness of the findings.ResultsA two-sample MR investigation unveiled the genus Olsenella, genus Ruminococcaceae UCG-004, and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 were identified as risk factors associated with AGA. In contrast, the family Acidaminococcaceae and genus Anaerofilum, along with the genus Ruminiclostridium 9, demonstrated a protective effect. The sensitivity analyses provided additional assurance that the findings of the current study were less susceptible to the influence of confounding variables and biases.ConclusionThe MR study has established a link between specific gut microbiota and AGA, offering evidence for the identification of more precisely targeted probiotics. This discovery has the potential to aid in the prevention, control, and reversal of AGA progression.

Prioritizing susceptibility genes for the prognosis of male-pattern baldness with transcriptome-wide association study

BackgroundMale-pattern baldness (MPB) is the most common cause of hair loss in men. It can be categorized into three types: type 2 (T2), type 3 (T3), and type 4 (T4), with type 1 (T1) being considered normal. Although various MPB-associated genetic variants have been suggested, a comprehensive study for linking these variants to gene expression regulation has not been performed to the best of our knowledge.ResultsIn this study, we prioritized MPB-related tissue panels using tissue-specific enrichment analysis and utilized single-tissue panels from genotype-tissue expression version 8, as well as cross-tissue panels from context-specific genetics. Through a transcriptome-wide association study and colocalization analysis, we identified 52, 75, and 144 MPB associations for T2, T3, and T4, respectively. To assess the causality of MPB genes, we performed a conditional and joint analysis, which revealed 10, 11, and 54 putative causality genes for T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Finally, we conducted drug repositioning and identified potential drug candidates that are connected to MPB-associated genes.ConclusionsOverall, through an integrative analysis of gene expression and genotype data, we have identified robust MPB susceptibility genes that may help uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms and the novel drug candidates that may alleviate MPB.

A Study of the Clinical Patterns of Hair Loss in Female Patients

Background: Hair loss is the one of the most common complaints in dermatologic patients. The proper cause of female pattern hair loss is still unclear. Many studies have been done on the individual patterns of hair loss but there are very few studies available about the different clinical patterns of hair loss in females in a single study. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical patterns of hair loss in females which manifest in various disorders. Materials and Methods: 120 subjects were studied in a hospital based descriptive study with detailed history, general physical examination, detailed hair, scalp, cutaneous examination, clinical tests, routine haematological investigations, biopsy where indicated. Results: Maximum subjects were in the age group of 20 – 40 years (66.6%). Majority of the subjects presented with a diffuse hair loss (55.8%). In our study although majority of the cases were not associated with any illness (52.5%), among the ones associated with illness the most common associated illness was history of COVID-19 (25.8%). Very few presented with scarring hair loss (5%). Conclusion: Telogen Effluvium was the most common cause of hair loss with maximum prevalence among females aged 20 to 40 years, with majority having hair loss over a period of 6 weeks to 6 month without any concurrent illness. The findings of this study provide baseline information on common clinical presentation of hair loss among women in our setting, thus helping in early clinical diagnosis and planning appropriate treatment.

Salvianolic Acid B Reduces Oxidative Stress to Promote Hair-Growth in Mice, Human Hair Follicles and Dermal Papilla Cells.

Existing research links oxidative stress and inflammation to hair loss. Salvianolic acid B (SAB) is known for its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and other beneficial pharmacological properties. To assess the efficacy of SAB in modulating hair growth. In vivo experiments were conducted using C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the effects of SAB on hair and skin parameters. The study involved ex vivo analysis of human hair follicles (HFs) for hair shaft length and hair growth cycle assessment. In vitro, human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) were cultured with SAB, and their proliferation, protection against H2O2-induced oxidative damage, and gene/protein expression alterations were examined using various analytical techniques, including Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA), DCFH-DA Assay, RNA-seq, and KEGG pathway analysis. SAB treatment in mice significantly improved hair growth and vascularization by day 21. In human HFs, SAB extended hair shaft length and delayed the transition to the catagen phase. SAB-treated hDPCs showed a notable decrease in the expression of oxidation-antioxidation-related genes and proteins, including reduced phosphorylation levels of ERK and p38. The study indicates that SAB promotes hDPC proliferation and offers protection against oxidative stress, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for enhancing hair growth and treating hair loss.

Management of Colorectal Cancer Using Nanocarriers-based Drug Delivery for Herbal Bioactives: Current and Emerging Approaches

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and multifactorial disorder in middle-aged people. Several modern medicines are available for treating and preventing it. However, their therapeutic uses are limited due to drawbacks, such as gastric perforation, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, abdominal cramps, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and adverse reactions. Hence, there is a continuous quest for safe and effective medicines to manage human health problems, like CRC. In this context, herbal medicines are considered an alternative disease control system. It has become popular in countries, like American, European, and Asian, due to its safety and effectiveness, which has been practiced for 1000 years. During the last few decades, herbal medicines have been widely explored through multidisciplinary fields for getting active compounds against human diseases. Several herbal bioactives, like curcumin, glycyrrhizin, paclitaxel, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, catechin, berberine, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, chrysin, resveratrol, quercetin, etc., have been found to be effective against CRC. However, their pharmacological applications are limited due to low bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy apart from their several health benefits. An effective delivery system is required to increase their bioavailability and efficacy. Therefore, targeted novel drug delivery approaches are promising for improving these substances’ solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic effects. Novel carrier systems, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles, microspheres, dendrimers, microbeads, and hydrogels, are promising for delivering poorly soluble drugs to the target site, i.e., the colon. Thus, the present review is focused on the pathophysiology, molecular pathways, and diagnostic and treatment approaches for CRC. Moreover, an emphasis has been laid especially on herbal bioactive-based novel delivery systems and their clinical updates.

Information and communication priorities of patients and healthcare professionals in shared decision making regarding adjuvant systemic breast cancer treatment: A survey study

PurposeTo assess information and communication priorities of patients and healthcare professionals in Shared Decision Making about adjuvant systemic treatment of primary breast cancer and identify key decision-relevant information accordingly. MethodsPatients (N = 122) and professionals working with breast cancer patients (N = 118), of whom 38 were nurse practitioners and 32 nurses, were recruited using convenience sampling, and surveyed about information/communication aspects key to decision-making, using ranking assignments. We further posed a simple open question, questions about receiving population-based statistics versus personalized statistics concerning treatment outcomes, and their attitude and experience concerning Shared Decision Making. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and a qualitative analysis. ResultsBoth patients and professionals prioritized information about treatment outcomes (i.e., survival, recurrence) as key decision-relevant information for patients. Patients prioritized information about relatively severe treatment side-effects and late effects (e.g., blood clot, stroke), whilst professionals prioritized information about effects that occur relatively often (e.g., hair loss, fatigue). Patients specifically wanted to know if the benefit of treatment is worth the negative impact. Both groups prioritized personalized statistics over population-based statistics. ConclusionsSome differences between patients and professionals were found in information and communication priorities, specifically related to the different side-effects. It seems worthwhile to precisely address these side-effects in Shared Decision Making concerning adjuvant systemic treatment. Furthermore, it seems important to deliberate together on the question if expected benefit of treatment is worth the potential negative impact for the individual patient.

Trichoscopic Features in Female Pattern Hair Loss: 1-Year Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) a nonscarring alopecia, is a common cause of hair loss in women. FPHL shows miniaturization of the hair follicles with thinning of hair. Scalp biopsy is diagnostic of FPHL but usually not needed. Trichoscopy a noninvasive higher magnification method (vs. scalp biopsy) for diagnosis of hair loss allows measurement of anisotrichosis characteristic of FPHL. Materials and methods: A total of 110 patients with clinically diagnosed FPHL of all grades were subjected to clinical and trichoscopic examination, and findings were looked for and compared with the occipital region serving as control. Results: Trichoscopic features apart from yellow dots and 2–3 hairs per unit follicle (HU) were statistically significant like hair diameter diversity, brown and white peripilar sign, one hair per follicular unit, white dots (WD), fine scaling, and honey-comb pigmentation (HCP). Focal atrichia, 2–3 hairs/HU, WD, HCP correlated with the grade of hair loss. Conclusion: Trichoscopy could be excellent tool for diagnosing FPHL in early stages and may aid in differentiating it from other conditions like chronic telogen effluvium and obviating the need of painful procedures like scalp biopsy. The study lacks histo-pathological and hormonal investigations however past studies done have already established correlation of trichoscopic and histo-pathological changes.

Treat Yourself: Pilot Testing a New Method to Treat Mange in Wild Carnivores.

Mange is a skin disease caused by mites that parasitize an animal's skin, often yielding inflamed immune responses and hair loss. At a population level, mange may reduce survival and cause population declines. Many forms of mange can be treated quite effectively when an animal is in hand; however, this is not often feasible for many free-ranging wildlife populations. Some animals, particularly territorial carnivores, will rub or roll to scent mark and transmit information about their presence to other individuals. We posited that rub stations comprised, in part, of anthelmintic medication and foreign scents that induce rubbing could be used to remotely treat mange in the wild. We deployed 39 rub stations containing lure and dye in Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, Southern California, USA, October-November 2022. Carnivores rubbed or rolled at >97% of rub stations, with coyotes (Canis latrans), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and bobcats (Lynx rufus) being the most abundant species. Time to first rub or roll was generally <1 wk. Several sympatric species (e.g., mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus) were detected at rub stations but did not rub. Our pilot test provides strong evidence that treating mange in wild carnivores may be possible using the remote medicinal rub stations we describe. Future efforts to add medicine to rub stations and monitor for a change in mange prevalence are a logical next step.

Secondary syphilis presenting with alopecia and leukoderma in a stable HIV-positive patient in a resource-limited setting: a case report

BackgroundSyphilis is an infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. It is mainly transmitted through oral, vaginal and anal sex, in pregnancy and through blood transfusion. Syphilis develops in primary, secondary, latent and tertiary stages and presents with different clinical features at each stage. Infected patients can remain asymptomatic for several years and, without treatment, can, in extreme cases, manifest as damage in several organs and tissues, including the brain, nervous tissue, eyes, ear and soft tissues. In countries with a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden, syphilis increases the risk of HIV infections. We report the case of a young HIV-positive black woman who presented with alopecia and hypopigmentation as features of secondary syphilis.Case presentationA virologically suppressed 29-year-old woman on Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART) presented with a short history of generalized hair loss associated with a non-itchy maculopapular rash and skin depigmentation on the feet. Limited laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of secondary syphilis. She was treated with Benzathine Penicillin 2.4MU. After receiving three doses of the recommended treatment, the presenting features cleared, and the patient recovered fully.ConclusionThis case demonstrates the importance of a high index of clinical suspicion and testing for syphilis in patients presenting with atypical clinical features of secondary syphilis, such as hair loss and hypopigmentation. It also highlights the challenges in diagnosing and clinically managing syphilis in a resource-limited setting.

Recent Therapy to Treat Various Types of Cancer: An Overview

Cancer is a fatal condition brought on by unchecked cellular growth. One of the gravest dangers to people worldwide is this. Both the incidence and mortality of cancer are rising. With their great benefits, particularly in the treatment of cancer, nanoparticles have revolutionized the globe. Conventional chemotherapy used to be the main treatment option for patients. Chemotherapeutics, however, also have several pharmacological drawbacks, including drug resistance, drug-drug interactions, water solubility, and stability. Reciprocally, dose-limiting toxicity is important, with non-specific toxicity to healthy cells, appetite loss, hair loss, peripheral neuropathy, vomiting, fatigued muscles, and diarrheal being the usual side effects. Drug delivery systems employ nanocarriers such as gold nanoparticles, high-density lipoprotein nanostructures, polymer nanoparticles, dendrimers, quantum dots, and nanodiamonds.&#x0D; Keywords: Nanotechnology, Cancer, Drug delivery